STRAWBERRY: FUNGICIDE EFFICACY - CONVENTIONAL
Fungicide |
Resistance risk (FRAC)1 |
Powdery mildew |
Gray mold |
Anthrac- nose |
Common leaf spot |
Rhizopus/Mucor rot |
Phyto- phthora diseases |
Angular leaf spot |
Bumper, Tilt |
high (3) |
5 |
NL (0) |
NL (3) |
4 |
NL (0) |
NL |
NL |
Luna Privilege (foliar)/ Velum One (soil)10 |
high (7) |
5/3 |
5/2 |
NL |
ND |
ND |
ND |
NL |
Luna Sensation2 |
medium (7/11) |
5 |
4 |
3R |
ND |
2 |
NL |
NL |
Luna Tranquility2 |
medium (7/9) |
5 |
4 |
NL |
ND |
1 |
NL |
NL |
Miravis Prime |
medium (7/12) |
5 |
4 |
3 |
NL |
3 |
NL |
NL |
Mettle, Perissim |
high (3) |
5 |
NL |
NL |
ND |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Procure |
high (3) |
5 |
NL |
NL (2) |
NL (0) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Quadris Top8 |
medium (3/11) |
5 |
NL (3)R |
4R |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Quilt Xcel, Avaris 2XS |
medium (3/11) |
5 |
3 |
4R |
NL |
2 |
NL |
NL |
Quintec |
high (13) |
5 |
NL (0) |
NL (0) |
NL (0) |
NL (0) |
NL |
NL |
Rally |
high (3) |
5 |
NL (0) |
NL (3) |
4 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Rhyme |
high (3) |
5 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Torino |
high (U6) |
5 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Protocol |
medium (1/3) |
4 |
4R |
3 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Abound2 |
medium (11) |
4 |
2R |
4R |
NL |
NL (2) |
NL |
NL |
Cabrio2 |
medium (11) |
4 |
2R |
4R |
0 |
NL (2) |
NL |
NL |
Gatten* |
high? (U13) |
4 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Evito*2 |
medium (11) |
4 |
2R |
3R |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Fontelis |
high (7) |
4 |
5R |
ND |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Kenja |
high (7) |
4 |
5 |
ND |
ND |
NL (2) |
NL |
NL |
Merivon2,8 |
medium (7/11) |
5 |
5 |
ND |
0 |
NL (4) |
NL |
NL |
Ph-D,Oso |
medium (19) |
4 |
3 |
3 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Pristine2,8 |
medium (7/11) |
4 |
5R |
ND |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Sulfur |
low (M2) |
4 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Topsin-M, T-Methyl, Incognito2 |
very high (1) |
4 |
4R |
0 |
NL (3) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Flint Extra |
high (11) |
4 |
2R |
2R |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Intuity2 |
medium (11) |
2 |
3R |
NL |
NL (0) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Captan |
very low (M4) |
NL (1) |
4 |
NL (4) |
0 |
NL (2) |
NL |
NL |
Elevate2,6 |
high (17) |
NL (1) |
56 |
NL (2) |
NL (0) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Aliette3, 7, Legion** |
low (P07,33) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
4 |
NL |
Captevate2 |
medium (M4/17) |
NL |
4 |
4 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Copper |
low (M1) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
45 |
Fungi-Phite, K-Phite, Prophyt |
low (P07,33) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
4 |
NL (2) |
Ridomil Gold SL2,4 |
high (4) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
44 |
NL |
Rovral, Iprodione, Nevado |
low (2) |
NL (0) |
4 |
0 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Scala |
high (9) |
2 |
3 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Switch7 |
high (9/12) |
2 |
5R |
4 |
NL |
NL (4) |
NL |
NL |
Thiram |
low (M3) |
NL (0) |
2 |
3 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Zivion S |
low (48) |
ND |
3 |
4 |
NL |
3 |
NL |
NL |
Actigard |
low (P1) |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
3 |
Rating: 5 = excellent and consistent, 4 = good and reliable, 3 = moderate and variable, 2 = limited and/or erratic, 1 = minimal and often ineffective, 0 = ineffective, NL = not on label, ND = no data.
* Registration pending in California.
** Not registered, label withdrawn or inactive in California.
1 Code numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions (for more information, see http://www.frac.info/). Fungicides with a different Code number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. In California, make no more than one application of fungicides with mode-of-actions (MOA) with high resistance risk before rotating to a fungicide with a different MOA (Code number); for other fungicides, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different MOA (Code number).
2 To reduce the risk of resistance development, start treatments with a fungicide with a multi-site mode of action; rotate or mix fungicides with different mode of action FRAC numbers for subsequent applications, use labeled rates (preferably the upper range), and limit the total number of applications per season.
3 Foliar applications provide systemic treatment.
4 Ridomil Gold SL is the only formulation registered. If the GR formulation is applied to a previous crop that must be removed, it has a 0-day plantback interval.
5 More than 4 applications cause severe stunting.
6 Nonpersistent resistant populations of Botrytis cinerea to fenhexamid occur with repeated use of FRAC Code 17 fungicides.
7 Plant dip (nurseries) or foliar spray (field use).
8 Not for use in nurseries, on nursery transplants, or greenhouses (check label for details).
9 Bravo is registered under a 24c special local needs for nursery use only on non-bearing plants. It is used as a dip treatment of transplants.
10 Velum One is a fluopyram formulation for chemigation. Soil applications are designed for nematode management but may also suppress powdery mildew.
R Resistant isolates documented in pathogen populations.
STRAWBERRY - FUNGICIDE EFFICACY - BIOCONTROLS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS
Fungicide trade names |
Active ingredient |
Resis. Risk/ FRAC Code1 |
Powdery mildew2 |
Gray mold |
Anthrac- nose |
Common leaf spot |
Rhizopus/Mucor rot |
Phytophthora diseases3 |
Angular leaf spot |
Actinovate |
Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 |
low/BM 02 |
2 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
0 |
1 |
Aleo, etc.4 |
garlic oil |
low/BM 01 |
ND |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
Aviv, etc. |
Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 |
low/BM 02 |
3 |
ND |
ND |
ND |
NL |
ND |
NL |
Botector |
Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940; DSM 14941 |
low/BM 02 |
NL |
0 |
ND |
NL |
1 |
NL |
NL |
Cinnerate |
cinnamon oil |
low/BM 01 |
ND |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Copper, etc.5 |
Copper |
low/M1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
Double Nickel |
Bacillus amylo-liquefaciens D747 |
low/BM 02 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
0 |
1 |
ProBlad Verde, etc. |
Banda de Lupinus albus doce |
low/NC |
3 |
2 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Howler |
Pseudomonas chlororaphis AFS009 |
low/BM 02 |
NL |
0 |
ND |
ND |
NL |
ND |
0 |
Kaligreen, MilStop, etc. |
potassium bicarbonate |
low/NC |
3 |
ND |
ND |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
M-Pede, etc. |
potassium salts of fatty acids |
medium/28 |
2 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Oso, etc. |
Polyoxin D zinc salt |
medium/19 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Oxidate, Perasan, etc. |
Hydrogen peroxide; peroxyacetic acid |
low/NC |
ND |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
2 |
Procidic, etc. |
citric acid |
low/NC |
ND |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
0 |
NL |
Rango |
cold pressed neem oil |
low/NC |
ND |
2 |
ND |
0 |
NL |
0 |
NL |
Regalia |
Reynoutria sachalinensis extract |
low/P5 |
1 |
0 |
ND |
ND |
NR |
ND |
NL |
Serenade ASO, etc. |
Bacillus subtilis QST 713 |
low/BM 02 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
NL (0) |
NL (0) |
NL (0) |
NL |
Sonata |
Bacillus pumilis QST 2808 |
low/BM 02 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Stargus |
Bacillus amylo-liquefaciens F727 |
low/BM 02 |
NL |
0 |
ND |
NL |
NL |
NL |
NL |
Serifel |
Bacillus amylo-liquefaciens MBI 600 |
low/BM 02 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
ND |
NL |
0 |
2 |
Taegro |
Bacillus amylo-liquefaciens FZB24 |
low/BM 02 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
ND |
NL (2) |
Theia* |
Bacillus subtilis AFS032321 |
low/BM 02 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
NL |
NL |
0 |
NL |
Timorex Act |
tea tree oil |
low/BM 01 |
3 |
0 |
ND |
NL |
0 |
ND |
ND |
Rating: 5 = excellent and consistent, 4 = good and reliable, 3 = moderate and variable, 2 = limited and/or erratic, 1 = minimal and often ineffective, 0 = ineffective, NL = not on label, ND = no data.
* Registration pending in California.
** Not registered, label withdrawn or inactive in California.
1 Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions (for more information, see http://www.frac.info/).
2 Efficacy rating determined with fungicide susceptible populations of pathogen.
3 Efficacy rating for soil applied control of Phytophthora crown rot.
4 Generic products may not be all listed and “etc.” indicates that other products may be available that have the same active ingredient.
5 More than 4 applications cause severe stunting
STRAWBERRY: TREATMENT TIMING
Note: Not all indicated timings may be necessary for disease control.
|
|
|
At Planting |
Preharvest1 |
||
Disease |
Preplant fumigation2 |
Clean nursery stock |
Dips or water washing |
Before overhead irrigations |
Foliar |
Fruit |
Angular leaf spot |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
Anthracnose3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
Botrytis fruit rot3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Common leaf spot3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
Fusarium wilt |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Leather rot4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
Macrophomina crown rot |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Mucor fruit rot |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
Powdery mildew3 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
Phytophthora crown rot4 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
Red steele |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
Rhizopus rot (Leak) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
Verticillium wilt |
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Rating: 3 = most effective, 2 = moderately effective, 1 = least effective, and 0 = ineffective
1 Preharvest treatments include applications of fungicides before heavy fog, dews, or rain.
2 Preplant fumigation includes chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin or chloropicrin followed by metam sodium
or metam potassium. Alternatively, make solitary applications of 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin or chloropicrin.
3 To reduce risk of fungicide resistance development, use an integrated program that includes a rotation of fungicides with different modes of action.